Verbs That Are Followed By Infinitives

Imagine sitting in a cozy café, listening to snippets of conversations around you. You might hear someone say, "I want to travel the world," or "They decided to start a new business." These seemingly simple sentences hold a key grammatical concept: verbs that are followed by infinitives. Mastering this concept not only enhances your understanding of English grammar but also refines your ability to express complex ideas with clarity and precision.

Think of verbs as the engines that drive our sentences, and infinitives as the pathways that guide their direction. Certain verbs in English have a unique characteristic – they naturally lead into an infinitive phrase. This construction allows us to express intentions, purposes, obligations, and a whole host of other nuances that enrich our communication. From everyday conversations to formal writing, recognizing and using these verbs correctly is essential for effective communication.

Main Subheading: Unpacking Verbs Followed by Infinitives

Verbs followed by infinitives are a fundamental aspect of English syntax, essential for constructing grammatically sound and semantically rich sentences. These verbs create a specific structure where the action they describe leads directly into an infinitive phrase, typically marked by the word "to" followed by the base form of another verb (e.g., "to go," "to eat," "to learn"). Understanding this construction is crucial for both native English speakers and learners aiming to achieve fluency and accuracy in their language skills.

This grammatical pattern serves various purposes, from expressing intentions and obligations to describing consequences and choices. The relationship between the main verb and the infinitive it governs is often logical, with the infinitive clarifying or expanding upon the action initiated by the verb. For instance, in the sentence "She wants to sing," the verb "wants" sets the stage for the infinitive "to sing," which specifies the particular desire or intention of the subject. Grasping this interplay not only aids in constructing clear sentences but also in interpreting the intended meaning behind them.

Comprehensive Overview: Delving into the Nuances

At its core, the phenomenon of verbs followed by infinitives involves a specific grammatical pattern where certain verbs are naturally complemented by an infinitive phrase. An infinitive is the base form of a verb preceded by "to," such as to run, to think, or to create. This structure allows for a nuanced expression of actions, intentions, and consequences. To fully grasp this concept, one must understand the definitions, scientific foundations, and historical context that underpin its usage.

Definition and Grammatical Foundations

In linguistics, verbs that take infinitives as complements are seen as belonging to a particular class of verbs that have specific syntactic requirements. These verbs, when used in a sentence, necessitate the presence of an infinitive phrase to complete their meaning. The infinitive acts as a direct object, adverbial modifier, or even part of a subject complement, depending on the verb and the sentence structure. For example, in the sentence "He decided to leave," to leave is the infinitive acting as the direct object of the verb decided.

From a grammatical standpoint, this construction follows specific rules. The infinitive phrase usually comes immediately after the verb, and the verb itself must be one that is recognized as a verb that can be followed by an infinitive. This classification is not arbitrary; it is based on how these verbs have been used historically and how they function within the broader framework of English syntax.

Historical Evolution

The use of infinitives in English has evolved over centuries, with its roots in Old English and influences from Latin and Norman French. In Old English, the infinitive form was marked by a suffix, but over time, this shifted to the to + base verb structure we know today. The verbs that take infinitives have also changed as the language has evolved, with some verbs gaining this ability and others losing it.

The standardization of English grammar in the 18th and 19th centuries played a significant role in codifying which verbs are followed by infinitives. Grammarians sought to establish clear rules, and the patterns we observe today are largely a result of this effort to bring order and consistency to the language.

Essential Concepts and Categorization

To better understand verbs followed by infinitives, it is helpful to categorize them based on their meaning and usage. Here are some common categories:

1. Verbs of Intention: These verbs express what someone intends or plans to do. Examples include want, plan, intend, aim, hope, wish, desire, expect, mean, and prepare.

   • "I intend to finish this project by Friday."
   • "They plan to travel to Europe next summer."

2. Verbs of Decision: These verbs indicate choices or resolutions made. Examples include decide, choose, determine, agree, refuse, and resolve.

   • "She decided to accept the job offer."
   • "We agreed to meet at the restaurant."

3. Verbs of Opportunity or Ability: These verbs refer to the chance or capacity to do something. Examples include afford, can, be able, and manage.

   • "I can't afford to buy a new car."
   • "He managed to complete the marathon despite his injury."

4. Verbs of Obligation or Necessity: These verbs express what someone must or should do. Examples include have, need, ought, and should.

   • "You need to study for the exam."
   • "They ought to apologize for their behavior."

5. Verbs of Permission or Allowance: These verbs indicate whether someone is allowed to do something. Examples include allow, permit, and enable.

   • "The teacher allowed us to use our notes during the test."
   • "The new software enables us to create complex designs."

6. Verbs of Learning or Knowing: These verbs refer to the acquisition of knowledge or skills. Examples include learn, know, find out, and discover.

   • "I learned to play the guitar last year."
   • "He discovered to his surprise that he enjoyed cooking."

7. Verbs of Persuasion or Encouragement: These verbs involve influencing someone to do something. Examples include ask, encourage, invite, persuade, tell, urge, and warn.

   • "She encouraged him to pursue his dreams."
   • "I warned them not to go there alone."

8. Verbs of Cause or Result: These verbs indicate a cause-and-effect relationship. Examples include cause, force, help, and enable.

   • "The rain caused the game to be postponed."
   • "This tool helps me to organize my tasks."

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

One common mistake is using a gerund (-ing form) instead of an infinitive after verbs that require an infinitive. For example, saying "I want going" instead of "I want to go." To avoid this, it's crucial to memorize the verbs that specifically take infinitives.

Another mistake is adding unnecessary prepositions. For instance, "I decided to go to home" is incorrect; it should be "I decided to go home." Pay attention to the correct phrasing and avoid adding extra words that don't belong.

Finally, be aware of verbs that can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund but with different meanings. For example, "I stopped to eat" means you paused an activity to eat, while "I stopped eating" means you discontinued the habit of eating.

Practical Exercises

To reinforce your understanding, try these exercises:

1. Complete the following sentences with the correct infinitive form of the verb in parentheses:

   • She hopes ________ (pass) the exam.
   • They decided ________ (invest) in the stock market.
   • He needs ________ (finish) his report by tomorrow.

2. Identify the verbs followed by infinitives in the following sentences:

   • We intend to visit the museum next week.
   • She managed to solve the problem quickly.
   • They agreed to help us with the project.

Trends and Latest Developments

In contemporary English usage, the trend towards simplification has subtly influenced the use of infinitives. While the core rules remain consistent, there is an observable tendency, especially in informal contexts, to occasionally omit the to from the infinitive after certain verbs, such as help. For instance, one might hear "Help me clean the kitchen" instead of the more formal "Help me to clean the kitchen." Though this omission is generally considered acceptable in casual speech, it is crucial to maintain the to in formal writing to adhere to standard grammatical conventions.

Recent linguistic studies have also shed light on how non-native English speakers acquire and use verbs followed by infinitives. These studies indicate that learners often struggle with identifying which verbs specifically require an infinitive complement and may overgeneralize patterns from their native languages. Educational materials and teaching methodologies are increasingly incorporating targeted exercises and explicit instruction to address these challenges, ensuring that learners develop a robust understanding of this grammatical structure.

Furthermore, data from online writing platforms and grammar-checking tools reveal common errors related to infinitive usage. These platforms provide valuable insights into the specific verbs and contexts where mistakes are most frequent, allowing educators and language developers to create more effective learning resources. This data-driven approach helps refine the teaching of verbs followed by infinitives, ensuring that instruction is tailored to the most pressing needs of English language learners.

Tips and Expert Advice

To master the use of verbs followed by infinitives, consider these practical tips and expert advice:

1. Create a List of Common Verbs

One of the most effective ways to learn is to create a comprehensive list of verbs that are commonly followed by infinitives. Organize the list into categories based on meaning, such as verbs of intention, decision, ability, and obligation. Review this list regularly and create example sentences for each verb.

For instance, under the category of "Verbs of Intention," you might include want, plan, hope, and intend. Write sentences like:

• "I want to learn a new language."
• "They plan to renovate their house."
• "She hopes to get a promotion."
• "We intend to start a business."

Regularly practicing with these verbs will help solidify your understanding and improve your recall.

2. Practice Sentence Building

Practice constructing sentences using these verbs. Start with simple sentences and gradually increase the complexity. Focus on ensuring that the infinitive phrase correctly complements the main verb.

For example, begin with:

• "He decided to go."

Then expand it:

• "He decided to go to the park."

Finally, add more details:

• "He decided to go to the park to relax and read a book."

Breaking down the sentence-building process like this will help you internalize the structure and become more confident in your writing.

3. Read Extensively

Reading extensively is an excellent way to reinforce your understanding of verbs followed by infinitives. Pay attention to how these verbs are used in various contexts. Notice the specific verbs that are followed by infinitives and how the infinitive phrases contribute to the overall meaning of the sentences.

Choose a variety of reading materials, such as novels, newspapers, and academic articles. Actively look for instances of verbs followed by infinitives and analyze their usage. This immersive approach will enhance your intuitive understanding and improve your ability to use these verbs correctly.

4. Seek Feedback

Ask for feedback on your writing from teachers, tutors, or native English speakers. Identify any patterns of errors you are making and focus on correcting those specific mistakes. Pay close attention to the comments and suggestions you receive and use them to improve your understanding and usage of verbs followed by infinitives.

5. Use Online Resources

Utilize online resources such as grammar websites, interactive exercises, and language learning apps. These tools can provide additional practice and help you identify areas where you need to improve. Look for resources that offer targeted exercises on verbs followed by infinitives and use them to reinforce your learning. Many websites also offer quizzes and tests that can help you assess your understanding and track your progress.

6. Focus on Common Errors

Be aware of common errors that learners make when using verbs followed by infinitives. One common mistake is using a gerund (-ing form) instead of an infinitive after verbs that require an infinitive. For example, saying "I want going" instead of "I want to go." To avoid this, make a conscious effort to use the correct infinitive form after these verbs.

Another common error is using the wrong preposition or adding unnecessary words. For example, "I decided to go to home" is incorrect; it should be "I decided to go home." Pay attention to the correct phrasing and avoid adding extra words that don't belong.

7. Be Mindful of Meaning

Pay attention to how the meaning of a sentence can change depending on whether you use an infinitive or a gerund after certain verbs. Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund, but the meaning of the sentence will be different.

For example, "I stopped to eat" means you paused an activity to eat, while "I stopped eating" means you discontinued the habit of eating. Understanding these nuances will help you use verbs followed by infinitives more accurately and effectively.

8. Practice Speaking

Practice using verbs followed by infinitives in your spoken English. This will help you become more comfortable and confident in using these verbs in real-life conversations. Engage in conversations with native English speakers or participate in language exchange programs. Make a conscious effort to use verbs followed by infinitives in your speech and ask for feedback on your pronunciation and grammar.

FAQ

Q: What is an infinitive? A: An infinitive is the base form of a verb preceded by "to," such as to run, to eat, or to think.

Q: Why do some verbs require an infinitive after them? A: Certain verbs have specific syntactic requirements and necessitate the presence of an infinitive phrase to complete their meaning. This is based on historical usage and grammatical rules.

Q: Can I use a gerund instead of an infinitive after these verbs? A: In many cases, no. Using a gerund instead of an infinitive can change the meaning of the sentence or make it grammatically incorrect.

Q: Are there any verbs that can be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund? A: Yes, some verbs can be followed by either, but the meaning changes. For example, stop to eat (pause to eat) vs. stop eating (discontinue eating).

Q: How can I improve my understanding of verbs followed by infinitives? A: Create a list of common verbs, practice sentence building, read extensively, seek feedback, and use online resources.

Conclusion

Mastering verbs that are followed by infinitives is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and semantically rich sentences in English. By understanding the definitions, historical context, and various categories of these verbs, you can significantly enhance your language skills. Remember to practice regularly, pay attention to common errors, and seek feedback to refine your usage.

Take the next step in your language learning journey by creating your own list of verbs followed by infinitives and practicing sentence construction daily. Share your progress and any questions you have in the comments below to engage with fellow learners and continue improving your English proficiency.